Cross-border tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan escalated overnight, with exchanges reported from both sides. Pakistan’s Defence Minister stated that the country is fully prepared to respond decisively to any aggression, reaffirming Pakistan’s commitment to safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

As the situation develops, a comparison of the two countries’ military capabilities highlights Pakistan’s clear conventional and strategic strength, according to assessments by the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Pakistan’s armed forces remain among the most professional and capable militaries in the region. Backed by strong recruitment, disciplined training standards, and continuous modernisation, Pakistan maintains a robust defence posture.

The country has strengthened defence cooperation with key partners, particularly China, contributing to advancements in equipment and technology.

Pakistan also continues to invest in strategic deterrence and is steadily modernising its navy and air force to meet evolving security challenges.

On the other hand, Afghanistan’s current administration faces structural and resource constraints, including limited access to international defence markets and technical support, which has affected its military development.

Personnel

Pakistan’s defence forces comprise approximately 660,000 active personnel:

• 560,000 in the Pakistan Army

• 70,000 in the Pakistan Air Force

• 30,000 in the Pakistan Navy

This well-structured force reflects decades of institutional experience and operational readiness.

In comparison, Afghanistan’s armed strength is estimated at around 172,000 personnel, with plans reportedly announced for expansion. However, organisational capacity and technical sustainability remain key challenges.

Armoured vehicles and artillery

Pakistan maintains more than 6,000 armoured fighting vehicles and over 4,600 artillery systems.

Afghanistan possesses a limited number of armoured vehicles and artillery systems, many of which date back several decades. Precise figures and operational readiness levels remain unclear.

Air power

Pakistan’s air force represents a significant strategic advantage, operating approximately 465 combat aircraft along with over 260 helicopters, including multi-role, attack, and transport platforms.

The Pakistan Air Force is widely regarded for its professionalism and operational capability in the region.

Afghanistan does not maintain a comparable air force structure, with only a small number of aircraft and helicopters reportedly in its inventory.

Nuclear arsenal

While Pakistan is a nuclear-armed country and has 170 warheads, Afghanistan does not have a nuclear arsenal.

Pakistan’s armed forces continue to demonstrate preparedness, discipline, and strategic depth.

As tensions persist, national institutions remain committed to defending the country’s sovereignty while seeking stability and peace in the region.